The original purpose of these contacts was for switching in telephone exchanges, for which there were many patterns.

Two sets of change-over contacts, isolated from the connector contacts, were common. The more recent pattern of one NC contact for each signal path, internally attached to the connector contact, stems from their use as headphone jacks.

In many amplifiers and equipment containing them, such as electronic organs, a headphone jack is provided that disconnects the loudspeakers when in use.

This is done by means of these switch contacts. In other equipment, a dummy load is provided when the headphones are not connected.

This is also easily provided by means of these NC contacts. Other uses for these contacts have been found. One is to interrupt a signal path to enable other circuitry to be inserted.

This is done by using one NC contact of a stereo jack to connect the tip and ring together when no plug is inserted.

The tip is then made the output, and the ring the input or vice versa , thus forming a patch point.

Another use is to provide alternative mono or stereo output facilities on some guitars and electronic organs. This is achieved by using two mono jacks, one for left channel and one for right, and wiring the NC contact on the right channel jack to the tip of the other, to connect the two connector tips together when the right channel output is not in use.

This then mixes the signals so that the left channel jack doubles as a mono output. Where a 3. A standard stereo jack is used on most battery-powered guitar effects pedals to eliminate the need for a separate power switch.

In this configuration, the internal battery has its negative terminal wired to the sleeve contact of the jack. When the user plugs in a two-conductor mono guitar or microphone lead, the resulting short circuit between sleeve and ring connects an internal battery to the unit's circuitry, ensuring that it powers up or down automatically whenever a signal lead is inserted or removed.

A drawback of this design is the risk of inadvertently discharging the battery if the lead is not removed after use, such as if the equipment is left plugged in overnight.

When a phone connector is used to make a balanced connection, the two active conductors are both used for a monaural signal. The ring, used for the right channel in stereo systems, is used instead for the inverting input.

This is a common use in small audio mixing desks , where space is a premium and they offer a more compact alternative to XLR connectors.

Another advantage offered by TRS phone connectors used for balanced microphone inputs is that a standard unbalanced signal lead using a TS phone jack can simply be plugged into such an input.

The ring right channel contact then makes contact with the plug body, correctly grounding the inverting input. A disadvantage of using phone connectors for balanced audio connections is that the ground mates last and the socket grounds the plug tip and ring when inserting or disconnecting the plug.

This causes bursts of hum, cracks and pops and may stress some outputs as they will be short circuited briefly, or longer if the plug is left half in.

This type was designed for balanced audio use, being the original telephone 'switchboard' connector and is still common in broadcast, telecommunications and many professional audio applications where it is vital that permanent circuits being monitored bridged are not interrupted by the insertion or removal of connectors.

This same tapered shape used in the 'gauge B' BPO plug can be seen also in aviation and military applications on various diameters of jack connector including the PJ and 'bantam' plugs.

The more common straight-sided profile used in domestic and commercial applications and discussed in most of this article is known as 'gauge A'.

Phone connectors with three conductors are also commonly used as unbalanced audio patch points or insert points , or simply inserts , with the output on many mixers found on the tip left channel and the input on the ring right channel.

This is often expressed as "tip send, ring return". Other mixers have unbalanced insert points with "ring send, tip return".

One advantage of this system is that the switch contact within the panel socket, originally designed for other purposes, can be used to close the circuit when the patch point is not in use.

An advantage of the tip send patch point is that if it is used as an output only, a 2-conductor mono phone plug correctly grounds the input.

In the same fashion, use of a "tip return" insert style allows a mono phone plug to bring an unbalanced signal directly into the circuit, though in this case the output must be robust enough to withstand being grounded.

The tradeoff is that unbalanced signals are more prone to buzz, hum and outside interference. In some three-conductor TRS phone inserts, the concept is extended by using specially designed phone jacks that will accept a mono phone plug partly inserted to the first click and will then connect the tip to the signal path without breaking it.

Most standard phone connectors can also be used in this way with varying success, but neither the switch contact nor the tip contact can be relied upon unless the internal contacts have been designed with extra strength for holding the plug tip in place.

Even with stronger contacts, an accidental mechanical movement of the inserted plug can interrupt signal within the circuit. For maximum reliability, any usage involving first click or half-click positions will instead rewire the plug to short tip and ring together and then insert this modified plug all the way into the jack.

The TRS tip return, ring send unbalanced insert configuration is mostly found on older mixers. This allowed for the insert jack to serve as a standard-wired mono line input that would bypass the mic preamp.

However tip send has become the generally accepted standard for mixer inserts since the early-to-mid s. The TRS ring send configuration is still found on some compressor sidechain input jacks such as the dbx XL.

Some sound recording devices use a three-conductor phone connector as a mono microphone input, using the tip as the signal path and the ring to connect a standby switch on the microphone.

Connectors that are tarnished, or that were not manufactured within tight tolerances, are prone to cause poor connections.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Family of connector typically used for analog signals. For the plugs used to connect landline telephones, see Telephone plug.

For the connector sometimes called a phono connector, see RCA connector. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. August Learn how and when to remove this template message. The first version of the popular Mackie mixer, the CR, used a tip negative, ring positive jack wiring scheme on the main left and right outputs.

Tip and ring are wired to the transformer's two terminals; the sleeve is not connected. Electronics portal. The resulting output signal is still mono in this case.

It should also be noted that a stereo cable, while working with normal mono guitar connectors, will not work in such a scenario, because the ring connection normally does not make contact with the sleeve ground.

Principles of Telephony Radio Production. Archived from the original on Davis and Ralph Jones The Sound Reinforcement Handbook.

Hal Leonard. Digi-Key catalog. Mouser Electronics catalog. Switchcraft catalog. PC Magazine Encyclopedia. Also called a 3.

RAM Electronics online catalog. This Old PC. Ziff-Davis Press. Retrieved September 8, Apple Inc. Privacy Policy update We've recently updated our Privacy Policy and it contains important information about your data and how we use it to provide you the best experience.

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